Fig. 22.1 Indications for surgery for acute epidural hematoma Volume of hematoma >30 mL regardless of GCS Midline shift >5 mm GCS <9 Thickness of hematoma >15 mm Timing of…

Fig. 1.1 Forrest classification can be summarized as grade: (Aa) Arterial hemorrhage (“spurting”). (Ab) Diffuse hemorrhage (“oozing”). (Ba) Non-bleeding visible vessel. (Bb) Adherent clot. (Bc) Flat pigmented spot. (C) Ulcer…

Trauma  Craniofacial trauma  Nasal/nasoseptal fracture  Digital trauma (nose picking)  Foreign body  Nasal instrumentation (Nasogastric tubes, nasal intubation)  Barotrauma  Postsurgical trauma Structural  Nasal septal deviation  Septal spur  Septal perforation  Necrosis of…

Fig. 23.1 Optimal patient positioning for tracheostomy Fig. 23.2 Important neck anatomy for tracheostomy Tracheostomy Operative Technique A transverse incision is made two finger breadths above the sternal notch. This…

Age group RR (breaths per min) HR (beats per min) BP (systolic; mmHg) Newborn (birth to 28 days) 40 140  60 Infant (under 1 year) 30 120  80 Child (approx…

Fig. 28.1 Algorithm for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy In patients with hemodynamic instability or hematoperitoneum without a strong indication of an ectopic pregnancy, the possibility of other causes such as a…

Fig. 27.1 Joel-Cohen and Pfannenstiel incisions A 10–12 cm curvilinear convex incision 2 cm above the symphysis pubis is made with a scalpel. The subcutaneous tissue is then incised and…

Fig. 25.1 Anatomy of fingertip in sagittal section. Lateral view of finger depiction dorsal aspect to volar aspect of nail, nail bed, distal phalanx, and volar tip from distal proximal…

Fig. 5.1 Critical view of safety as defined by strassberg There is no additional preparation needed than that done for a laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. Consent for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy…

Fig. 33.1 Vasectomy clamp Operative Technique With the patient in a comfortable reclined or supine position undressed from the waist down. A gauze 4 × 4 will be wrapped loosely around the…