Figure 22.1 Two-dimensional glycocalyx–cleft model of capillary fluid exchange: the sub-glycocalyx space is protected and is protein free, forming the basis for the “no-reabsorption rule.” The glycocalyx–cleft model identifies glycocalyx…
Figure 29.1 Circulatory dynamics in seven subjects at rest and during passive head-up tilt until the onset of (pre)syncopal symptoms, and return to the supine position. Values are mean and…
Figure 15.1 Fluid load versus complications (modified from Bellamy).[11] The challenge for us as clinicians is to keep our patients in the optimal range at all times during the perioperative…
Figure 33.1 Blood ethanol concentration as indicated in the breath (top); serum sodium (middle); and the fluid absorption rate as obtained by careful measurements of the volumetric fluid balance corrected…
Figure 34.1 A: Rebound hypoglycemia in a young male volunteer who received 14 ml/kg of glucose 5% over 45 min. B: Rebound hypoglycemia in a 19-year-old male who received 3.3…
where Q is the net fluid filtration from the pulmonary microvascular (intravascular) capillary system to the peri-microvascular (extravascular) pulmonary tissue, Kf is the capillary filtration coefficient, P is the hydrostatic…
Figure 3.1 Left panel: Plasma volume expansion from infusion of 10 ml/kg of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 (Voluven) in 10 male volunteers. The thick curve is the modeled average and…
Figure 16.1 Frank–Starling relationship between ventricular preload and ventricular stroke volume. The first portion of this relationship is called the steep portion and the second portion is called the plateau….
For bedside purposes, it is sufficient to remember that this daunting equation may be functionally represented as [H+] = f (pCO2, [SID], ATOT). This implies that [H+] (and also [HCO3−])…
Alteration in cardiac preload and afterload conditionsNegative inotropic effectDepressed autonomic nervous system activity2.Effects on the O2 extraction responseVasodilationDepressed sympathetic nervous system activity3.Effects on gas exchangeDecreased functional residual capacity4.Effects on tissue…
