The osmometer uses supercooling to measure the depression of the freezing point. Supercooling is the process of cooling a liquid without causing a change in state. It involves rapidly cooling…

By altering the driving flow, the constriction size or the size of the opening, the Venturi effect can be used to mix gases or fluids to produce a fixed concentration….

As a liquid’s temperature rises, more molecules gain sufficient energy to leave the liquid and enter the vapour phase. This results in an increase in SVP. SVP continues to rise…

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 7 Latent heat Basic science Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise a given object by one kelvin, and has the…

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 8 Humidity Basic science Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapour in a given volume of gas at a specified temperature and pressure. It…

Applied science Describe the applications of non-electrical thermometers Liquid thermometers containing mercury are effective from −39°C to 250°C, while alcohol thermometers are effective from −117°C to 78°C. They are commonly…

html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 5 Heat and temperature Basic science Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects of differing temperatures. It is measured in joules….