Opioid Year synthesized Chemist and/or companya Oxymorphone (Numorphone) 1914  Oxycodone 1916 Freud and Speyer, University of Frankfurt, 1917 Hydrocodone 1920 Mannich and Lowenheim Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) 1924 Launched by Knoll, 1926+…

Fig. 44.1 Historical overview of influence of pharmacogenetics on anesthesia.βARs β-adrenergic receptors,µ-OR µ-opioid receptor,SCN9A sodium channel mutation Prolonged Apnea After Succinylcholine The depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine entered clinical practice in…

Fig. 38.1 The minimum years of training in anesthesia and related areas in 20 European countries progressively increased from the 1940s to the 1990s Table 38.1 A summary of the…

Fig. 21.1 Members of the New York Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Fellowships. (Courtesy of the New York State Society of Anesthesiologists, New York, NY.) Francis McMechan established the International…

Fig. 36.1 Magaw at the head of the table, giving what appears to be ether anesthesia. (Courtesy of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Archive.) In the article, Magaw said:…

Fig. 22.1 George Crile Sr. who was of one of the founders of Cleveland Clinic. (Courtesy of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Archives.) Fig. 22.2 Agatha Hodgins. (Courtesy of…

Fig. 19.1 Adolph Erdmann, founder of the Long Island Society of Anesthetists (LISA). (From the Wood Memorial Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, Park Ridge, IL) Erdmann was not the first to believe…

Fig. 4.1 John Snow Snow Tells How to Give Anesthesia In 1847, the medical community needed to know how to deliver anesthesia smoothly and safely and how to control the…

Date Country City Anesthesia Surgery Anesthetist 11 Mar 1847 Cuba La Habana Ether Hydrocele V de Castro 29 Mar 1847 Mexico Velacruz Ether Wound repair E Barton 29 Apr 1847…

Fig. 31.1 Seishu Hanaoka. (Open source) In 1850, Seikei Sugita (1817–1859) translated the Dutch version of J. Schlesinger’s monograph on ether anesthesia (in German) into Japanese. He also coined the…