Risk • Prevalence: Estimates ranging from 1.7-3.6%. • Most common cause is vitamin deficiency: 65% vitamin B12; 12% combined folate/vitamin B12; 6% folate. • Pernicious anemia is less common: 1…

Risk • Incidence in USA: 2000 new cases/y. • Per million up to age 9. • Southeast Asia and South Africa have 10-20 times higher incidence. • Within USA, related…

Risk • Incidence in USA: 5% of adults are allergic to one or more drugs. • During surgery, the risk of anaphylaxis is ∼1:2500 to 1:20,000 depending on the agent,…

Risk • One of the most common inherited disorders (1 in 2500 in case of European ancestry; uncommon in Asians) • Less than 10% of individuals with AAT deficiency are…

Risk • Risk factors include: advanced maternal age (>35 y); cesarean delivery; placenta previa; meconium; intrauterine fetal demise; placental abruption; meconium staining of the amniotic fluid; chorioamnionitis; and macrosomia. •…

Risk • Incidence in USA: 10% of Americans, incl physicians, will abuse alcohol at some point in their lives. • 1:5 surgical pts has some form of alcohol use disorder….

Risk • Incidence in USA: 1:100,000 • Race with highest prevalence: Unknown Perioperative Risks • Increased risk of periop renal failure, cardiomyopathy (arrhythmias and ventricular dysfunction), bleeding from coagulopathy •…

Risk • Also known as syndromic bile duct paucity • Affects cardiac, musculoskeletal, ocular, facial, and neurodevelopmental systems • Most common inherited disorder that causes chronic liver disease in children…

Risk • Risk of adrenal insufficiency: 1/1000 to 1/10,000 (if steroids used in prior y). • With steroids >20 mg/d (cortisol equivalent), >7 to 14 d within 1 y (large…

Risk • Prevalence 1:100,000 persons • M:F ratio: 1:1.8 Perioperative Risks • CV instability, labile BP, hypotension, shock • Hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, cardiac dysrhythmia • Limited response to vasopressors Perioperative Risks…