Coding and Billing for Neurostimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Most physicians want to spend their time treating patients, not dealing with payment issues, but the reality is that coding and billing are an integral part…
ANESTHESIA
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Open Technique
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Although peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of many neuropathic pain indications, it has been underused in the clinic….
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve (PNS) can be used to treat neuropathic pain, ideally that arises from a single nerve and often follows peripheral nerve…
Nerve Root, Sacral, and Pelvic Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) can be used to relieve pain that arises from many sources. Conditions that are classified as pelvic pain affect…
Complications of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) is generally a safe and effective treatment for neuropathic pain and other conditions. However, it requires implantation of an…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Visceral Abdominal Pain
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Visceral abdominal pain is among the many pain states that can be improved by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). This chapter examines how SCS…
Emerging Indications and Other Applications of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: This chapter deals with the emerging indications for electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). Although primarily used to treat neuropathic pain conditions, SCS has been…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Refractory Angina and Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) can provide pain relief and improve the underlying ischemic condition in certain indications, including angina and peripheral vascular disease…
Spinal Cord Stimulation: Implantation Techniques
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Spinal cord stimulation is a valuable tool for managing patients with chronic pain of spinal origin, complex regional pain syndrome, as well as other chronic pain…
History of Neurostimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: The history of neurostimulation for pain relief reaches back nearly 2000 years to Greece. As with many ancient remedies, healers made use of the natural physiology…
