Mitral stenosis
Questions 1. What are the etiology and pathophysiology of mitral stenosis? 2. How are preload, afterload, heart rate, and contractility managed in patients with mitral stenosis? 3. Explain methods for…
ANESTHESIA
Cardiac tamponade
Questions 1. What is cardiac tamponade? 2. What are the etiologies of cardiac tamponade? 3. What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? 4. How is cardiac tamponade diagnosed?…
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Questions 1. Describe the anatomic abnormalities in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. 2. What changes in preload, afterload, heart rate, and contractility optimize hemodynamic performance for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy? 3….
Aortic stenosis
Questions 1. Describe the symptoms of and long-term prognosis for aortic stenosis. 2. Identify the etiology of aortic stenosis. 3. What is the significance of aortic valve area and how…
Recent myocardial infarction
Questions 1. How do you evaluate cardiac risk in a patient scheduled for noncardiac surgery? 2. How is cardiac status evaluated before elective noncardiac surgery? 3. What is the cardiac…
Congestive heart failure
Questions 1. Name possible etiologies for dilated cardiomyopathy. 2. Explain the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy. 3. Which monitors would you use for this patient in the perioperative period? 4. How…
Coronary artery disease
Questions 1. What are the determinants of myocardial oxygen supply? 2. Explain the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption (demand). 3. What are the pharmacologic alternatives for treating myocardial ischemia in…
Pulmonary Function Tests
Pulmonary Function Tests: Introduction Print Section Listen Figure 4-1. Normal Spirogram Reproduced from Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine….
Preoperative Fasting Guidelines
Preoperative Fasting Guidelines: Introduction Print Section Listen | Download (.pdf) | Print Preoperative Fasting Guidelines Minimum fasting time Material ingested 2 h Clear liquids (e.g., water, fruit juice without pulp,…
Predicting Difficult Mask Ventilation and Intubation
Predicting Difficult and Impossible Mask Ventilation Print Section Listen Overall incidence of difficult mask ventilation (DMV) is 1.4% with impossible mask ventilation (IMV) 0.15% Obesity, snoring, and lack of teeth…
