The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is essential for survival and responsible for the body’s involuntary activities such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and thermoregulatory homeostasis. The ANS is divided into two major…
The editors and publisher would like to thank Dr. James Caldwell for contributing to this chapter in the previous edition of this work. It has served as the foundation for…
The challenges of learning perioperative anesthesia care have grown considerably as the specialty, and medicine in general, have evolved. The beginning anesthesia trainee is faced with an ever-increasing quantity of…
The specialty of anesthesiology has evolved dramatically since the first public demonstration of ether use in the 19th century. Originally, the emphasis was completely on providing surgical anesthesia. As surgical…
Abstract Sterilization and disinfection are the basic components of hospital infection control activities. Every day, a number of hospitals are performing various surgical procedures. Even more number of invasive procedures…
Abstract This chapter provides a brief introduction about the basic principles that underlie study design, sample size, basic concepts of biostatistics, and data analysis for clinicians. The basic concepts of…
Abstract Research, clinical innovations, and technological advances contribute to the wealth of information on perioperative neurosciences. In this chapter, we review some of the major recurring themes and innovative findings…
Abstract Palliative care to neurological and neurosurgical patients presents many challenges. The needs of patients and their families varies according to the stages of neurological and neurosurgical illness. In acute…
Abstract Central to the practice of anesthesiology is the goal of safety and maximal efficacy for every individual patient. Genetics can influence drug metabolism, drug transport, and drug response target…
Abstract Advances in medical care have increased the life expectancy, and the ultimate goal of health care now is to improve, restore, or preserve quality of life (QOL). As QOL…
