Nonopioid Pain Medications
Key Points ▪ With a better understanding of pain pathways and mechanisms, it has been recognized that ion channels play an important role in the transduction, transmission, and modulation of…
ANESTHESIA
Hepatic Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Considerations
Key Points ▪ The liver is the largest abdominal organ and carries out a number of vital functions including metabolism and detoxification. ▪ The liver receives approximately 25% of the…
Respiratory Physiology and Pathophysiology
Key Points ▪ Removal of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is determined by alveolar ventilation, not by total (minute) ventilation. ▪ Dead space ventilation can be dramatically increased in patients…
Patient Simulation
Key Points ▪ Led by the discipline of anesthesiology, simulators and the use of simulation have become integral parts of many health care domains for various uses including training of…
Avoiding Patient Harm in Anesthesia: Human Performance and Patient Safety
Key Points ▪ Excellent clinical performance is not achieved by the use of sound medical knowledge alone, as clinicians have to face multifaceted challenges not just medical issues. There is…
Sleep Medicine
Key Points ▪ Sleep is a dynamic neuronal and behavioral state that can be characterized using specific electroencephalographic, electrophysiologic, and behavioral findings. ▪ Characteristics of sleep can be quantified using…
Consciousness, Memory, and Anesthesia
Key Points ▪ Mechanisms of consciousness and memory, and their interruption by general anesthetics, are important scientific problems that have clinical relevance for the practice of anesthesiology. ▪ Consciousness is…
Ethical Aspects of Anesthesia Care
Key Points ▪ Deontologic (“rules-based”) ethical theory and utilitarian (outcome-based) theory clash in clinical scenarios in which the interests of individual patients are pitted against the interests of larger populations….
Informatics in Perioperative Medicine
Key Points ▪ Individual computers are connected via networks to share information across many users. ▪ Information security is about ensuring that the correct information is available only to the…
Quality Improvement in Anesthesia Practice and Patient Safety
Key Points ▪ Quality needs to be an integral characteristic of the system in which care is delivered. Improving the quality of care often requires reorganization of the way we…
