Abstract This chapter provides a review of the patient with Transposition of the great arteries. The authors discuss the complexities with determining the anatomic relationships in transposition as well coexisting…

Abstract This chapter reviews the incidence, presentation and types of ventricular septal defects. The pathophysiology and hemodynamic effects of atrial ventricular defects are discussed. The surgical based interventions are reviewed…

Abstract In this chapter, coarctation of the aorta is reviewed from diagnosis to surgical management. The anesthetic and related surgical considerations are discussed using a patient with Turner syndrome as…

Abstract This chapter reviews the basics of cardiac catherization principles and the hemodynamic calculations obtained. The calculation of pulmonary to systemic flow as well as pulmonary vascular resistance if demonstrated….

Abstract In this chapter, the ductus arteriosus from development to maintenance in various disease states is discussed. The diagnostic process and hemodynamic consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed….

Abstract This chapter, provides an overview of the transitional circulation from fetal to neonatal life. The authors describe the physiology of fetal circulation, fetal hemoglobin as well as the changes…

Abstract This chapter provides a review of acute postoperative pain in children. The authors discusses mechanisms, classification and evaluation of acute pain. Opioid and non-opioid based treatment strategies encompassing a…

Abstract This chapter provides a brief overview for the patient with thoracic insufficiency syndrome. The author discusses the pathophysiology of thoracic insufficiency syndrome and the Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib…