Chapter 50 – The Spinal Cord
Abstract The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system (CNS), located within the spinal canal of the vertebral column. The spinal cord begins at the foramen magnum, where…
ANESTHESIA
Chapter 51 – Resting Membrane Potential
Abstract The cell membrane provides a selectively permeant electrical barrier between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. The membrane potential of a cell is the electrical voltage of its interior relative…
Chapter 49 – Intracranial Pressure and Head Injury
Abstract The intracranial pressure (ICP) is simply the hydrostatic pressure within the skull, reflecting the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma. At rest in a normal supine…
Chapter 48 – Cerebral Blood Flow
Abstract In the adult, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is typically 15% of the resting cardiac output (approximately 750 mL/min). CBF is commonly expressed in terms of the weight of brain…
Chapter 44 – Neuronal Structure and Function
Abstract The nervous system is a complex network of specialised cells called neurons, which coordinate and control the other organ systems. Chapter 44 Neuronal Structure and Function What are the…
Chapter 47 – Blood–Brain Barrier
Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a physiological, cellular and metabolic barrier at the level of the cerebral capillaries. Their permeability properties restrict the free movement of substances between the…
Chapter 45 – The Brain
Abstract The brain performs complex sensory, motor and higher functions, coordinating the activity of other body systems. It has a high metabolic activity, receiving 15% of the resting cardiac output,…
Chapter 46 – Cerebrospinal Fluid
Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the transcellular fluid located within the cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space that bathes the brain and spinal cord. CSF has a number of functions. Chapter…
Chapter 42 – Exercise Physiology
Abstract Exercise is a major physiological challenge to the body, affecting all the main body systems. An accompanying increase in muscle metabolic rate results in an increase in O2 demand…
Chapter 43 – Exercise Testing
Abstract Surgery places a person’s body under physiological stress: the magnitude of the stress response is proportional to the severity of the surgical trauma. The surgical stress response increases an…
