Anatomy of vertebrae

May 21, 2023 by in PAIN MEDICINE Comments Off on Anatomy of vertebrae

Chapter 1: Anatomy of vertebrae Andrew Olsen, Chase Beal, Chong Kim Introduction The spine consists of 33 vertebrae: 24 presacral, 5 fused sacral, and 4 coccygeal. This structure together with…

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Surgical instruments

May 21, 2023 by in PAIN MEDICINE Comments Off on Surgical instruments

Chapter 2: Surgical instruments Brian R. Brenner, Tyler Ericson, Priyanka Singla, Lynn Kohan Common instruments used during surgical procedures of the spine In general, vertebrae get larger cranial to caudal;…

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