Introduction to ECMO Fundamentals
Let’s start our discussion of the fundamentals of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) by returning to our graph. We have spent the last few chapters developing and unpacking the simple but…
Oxygen Delivery and Consumption
Imagine that you walk into a typical intensive care unit (ICU). You look around and note what you see: in one room a 78-year-old man with urosepsis and septic shock,…
The Failure of DO 2– Did What I Do to the Patient Just Work?
By now, I wouldn’t be surprised if you were asking yourself, “I thought this was a book about ECMO?” Why are we talking about hemoglobin dissociation, shock recognition, shunt physiology,…
Recognition of Shock
Now we are going to bring our discussion of shock to the next level and start to explore some patterns that can help us with recognition of shock. Remember, if…
Displacement of intervertebral discs
Key points • Intervertebral disc displacement is not a “disease,” but is a component of many variations of disorders of the spine. • The displaced disc material and the effects…
Anatomy of the spine
Key points • Intimate relationships between osseous, nervous, vascular, and soft tissue structures of the spine are critical to normal function. • A thorough understanding of these relationships is essential…
Disc space narrowing and osteophytes
Key points • Disc space narrowing and osteophyte formation are features of the general spine condition known as intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration • IVD degeneration is an age-related condition •…
Imaging technologies of the spinal discs
Key points • Various imaging modalities exist to assess the intervertebral disc. • Classification grading schemes have been proposed to assess the morphological and structural changes of the disc. •…
