Neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain Prevalence Neuropathic pain is estimated to affect about 1.5-3% of people worldwide1,2. The incidence of neuropathic pain varies among different pain syndrome categories (6.1)3. Diabetes mellitus is the…
Back and lower extremity pain
Back and lower extremity pain Introduction The back and lower extremities are areas commonly affected by chronic pain. Lower extremity pain may occur in conjunction with back pain (as radicular,…
Neck and upper extremity pain
Neck and upper extremity pain Introduction Neck pain is one of the most common pain complaints heard by primary care practitioners. After low back pain, the neck and upper extremity…
Chronic pain management strategies
Chronic pain management strategies Introduction Chronic pain is typically treated with a combination of medication and nonmedication therapies. While patients often initially want to focus treatment around medications, inclusion of…
Definition and classification of chronic pain
Definition and classification of chronic pain Introduction Chronic pain is one of the most common conditions seen in primary care practices, accounting for 40% of office visits (1.1)1. Data from…
The Nervous System
The Nervous System INTRODUCTION The central nervous system (CNS) alterations that are common in surgical critical illness are listed in Table 9.1. The most common one is traumatic brain injury…
The Hematopoietic System
The Hematopoietic System Hematopoietic system topics that are most frequently encountered in surgical critical illness are listed in Table 10.1. SUBMASSIVE TRANSFUSION The most common reason for the administration of…
The Gastrointestinal System
The Gastrointestinal System BASIC PHYSIOLOGY The reader is referred to gastrointestinal disease textbooks to review the basic physiology of the intestinal tract. This chapter will highlight gastrointestinal pathophysiology linked principally…
The Renal System
The Renal System BASIC PHYSIOLOGY The kidneys help preserve intravascular volume, excrete products of metabolism, and regulate acid-base status. The physiology of sodium and water reabsorption that is linked to…
