Perioperative Hemodynamic Control
Perioperative Hemodynamic Control Genevieve E. Staudt Rafael Vazquez I. BLOOD PRESSURE The goal of hemodynamic management is to maintain adequate organ perfusion. Since organ perfusion is difficult to measure in…
Airway Evaluation and Management
Airway Evaluation and Management David G. Frazer Ulrich Schmidt I. APPLIED ANATOMY A. The pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. 1. The nasopharynx consists of…
Intra-Anesthetic Problems
Intra-Anesthetic Problems Ryan J. Horvath Keith Baker I. HYPOTENSION Hypotension is a significant decrease of arterial blood pressure below the patient’s usual range. It may be due to a decrease…
Monitoring
Monitoring Mitchell Donner William Schoenfeld I. STANDARD MONITORING The ASA Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring state that an anesthetist should be present and that oxygenation, ventilation, circulation, and temperature should…
Monitoring Anesthetic Brain States
Monitoring Anesthetic Brain States Negin Daneshpayeh Emery N. Brown I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS General anesthesia is defined as a drug-induced reversible condition composed of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, immobility and stability of…
Critical Care Medicine
Critical Care Medicine Matthew R. Hallman Miriam M. Treggiari Steven Deem Key Points Simple and inexpensive interventions in the ICU, such as the utilization of checklists and strict attention to…
Local Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics Ayumi Maeda Rebecca D. Minehart I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES A. Chemistry. Local anesthetics are weak bases whose structure consists of an aromatic moiety connected to a substituted amine through…
Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery
Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery Terese T. Horlocker Denise J. Wedel Key Points Orthopedic surgery is well suited to neuraxial and peripheral regional anesthetic techniques. Improved surgical outcomes have increased their…
Neuromuscular Blockade
Neuromuscular Blockade Bryan Simmons Oleg V. Evgenov The principal pharmacologic effect of neuromuscular-blocking drugs (NMBDs) is to interrupt transmission of synaptic signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by interacting with…
Administration of General Anesthesia
Administration of General Anesthesia William J. Sauer Stuart A. Forman The primary goals of general anesthesia are to maintain the health of the patient while safely providing amnesia, hypnosis (lack…
