Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by blocking inflammation at the site of pathology and by altering pain perception in the central nervous system (CNS). Peripherally, cyclooxygenase is…
Postoperative Pain Pain after surgery is primarily derived from acute tissue manipulation. During surgery, inflammatory factors such as prostaglandins, bradykinin, and substance p are released. These increase the sensitivity of…
Podiatric (Foot and Ankle) Pain This chapter presents the most common clinical causes of chronic pain in the foot and ankle. They include plantar fasciitis, hallux valgus (bunion), Morton’s neuroma,…
Miscellaneous Pain Disorders that Affect Multiple Areas of the Body Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Formerly Known as Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy or Causalgia) Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is defined as…
Neuropathic Pain Nerves send sensory impulses to the brain for interpretation. These impulses travel in a regular pattern when the nervous system is working properly. When injured, this regular controlled…
Pelvic Pain This chapter presents the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). CPP is a prevalent and challenging disorder to manage. CPP is a noncyclic pain of 6…
Cancer Pain Pain management is of particular importance in cancer patients. Extensive research has shown that pain is the symptom that cancer patients fear most. Up to 50% of patients…
Musculoskeletal Pain Pain in the Shoulder The shoulder is a common location of pain. In this ball-and-socket joint, the ball is the top, rounded part of the humerus, and the…
Abdominal Pain Establishing a proper differential diagnosis, ordering a workup, making a diagnosis, then medically or surgically treating the underlying cause of a patient’s abdominal pain is reserved for general…
