Sedative–Hypnotic Agent Poisoning Andis Graudins Sedative–hypnotics include benzodiazepines (BZDs), barbiturates, non-BZD nonbarbiturate agents (NBNBs), and some muscle relaxants. The barbiturates and “bromides” were the first to become available. In the…
Phencyclidine and Hallucinogen Poisoning Frank F. Daly Luke Yip* *The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the agency or the United States. Phencyclidine Phencyclidine (phenyl-cyclohexyl-piperidine, or PCP) is…
Pesticide Poisoning William K. Chiang Richard Y. Wang A pesticide is as an agent intended for killing, preventing, repelling, or mitigating any pest. With the increasing use, environmental contamination and…
Opioid Poisoning Robert P. Dowsett Luke Yip* *The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the agency or the United States. Natural opioids (e.g., morphine and codeine) are harvested…
Methylxanthine Poisoning Michael W. Shannon† †Deceased. The methylxanthines most commonly used in the clinical setting are theophylline and its ethylenediamine salt, aminophylline. Until recently, theophylline was used exclusively as a…
Lithium Poisoning Kent R. Olson Thanjira Jiranantakan Lithium was introduced in the nineteenth century for the treatment of gout. Apparently, toxicity was rarely encountered because of low recommended doses. In…
Iron Poisoning Milton Tenenbein Historically, iron poisoning is the most common cause of poisoning death in children younger than 6 years [1]; however, morbidity and mortality have decreased secondary to…
Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning Kennon Heard Introduction Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a commonly encountered industrial reagent that is available in concentrations from 6% to 90%. It is used for the production…
Hydrocarbon Poisoning William J. Lewander Alfred Aleguas Jr Hydrocarbons are a group of organic compounds composed primarily of hydrogen and carbon. Although often mixtures, hydrocarbons may be divided into four…
Heavy Metal Poisoning Luke Yip* *The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the agency or the United States. This chapter focuses on the aspects of acute poisoning by…
