Introduction Preoperative cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation can have direct implications on perioperative management during cancer surgery. Chemotherapy is intended to prevent proliferation of malignant cells (cytostatic) and…
Introduction Since 1991, the global burden of disease has shifted from communicable to noncommunicable disease (NCDs), primarily due to prevention, mitigation, and treatment of infectious disease in low- and middle-income…
Introduction Cancer epidemiology provides the tools and methods to understand the cancer problem in any given population, from the local level up to the global level. Incidence, prevalence, and mortality…
Central Nervous System Infections Benjamin H. Schnapp Corlin Jewell THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be rapidly fatal and require prompt intervention in order to…
Seizures and Status Epilepticus Elaine Rabin CLINICAL CHALLENGE Seizures are the clinical manifestations of abnormal, increased, synchronized electrical activity in the brain. An estimated 10% of the population experience at…
Acute Stroke Christopher A. Lewandowski Edward P. Sloan THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Stroke is characterized as a neurologic deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS)…
Cervical Spine Trauma and Spinal Cord Emergencies E. Megan Callan Charles M. Andrews THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE The vast majority of spinal cord injuries occur from trauma, although other causes must…
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Lauren M. Post Angela Hua CLINICAL CHALLENGE In the emergency department (ED), low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal chief complaints and affects…
Head Trauma (Severe) Scott A. Goldberg Cappi Lay THE CLINICAL CHALLENGE Management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) focuses not on reversing the initial insult but on minimizing sequelae and…
