Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders Kevin Blackney Jonathan Charnin I. INTRODUCTION A. Multiple systems are used to regulate fluids and electrolytes during “normal” states of health. In the perioperative period, homeostatic…
Temperature Abnormalities Craig S. Jabaley Kathryn L. Butler I. INTRODUCTION A. Temperature abnormalities are frequently encountered postoperatively because anesthetic, surgical, and environmental factors work in concert to disrupt thermostasis. Although…
Postoperative Hemorrhage Matthew Tichauer Martha DiMilla D. Dante Yeh I. INTRODUCTION Perioperative bleeding, a risk with any operation, presents a challenge for both the surgeon and anesthesiologist. While mortality associated…
Acute Perioperative Urinary and Renal Dysfunction Michael Hermann Sheri Berg EPIDEMIOLOGY The exact percentage of patients who suffer from some degree of acute kidney injury (AKI) is difficult to assess,…
Postoperative Central Nervous System Dysfunction Meredith Miller Ala Nozari Changes in mental function after anesthesia and surgery were described more than 50 years ago. Because these phenomena have been elucidated…
Perioperative Cardiac Complications Milad Sharifpour Kenneth Shelton The likelihood of postoperative cardiac complications is influenced by the type of surgery, the patient’s preexisting comorbid state, and perioperative management. Postoperative complications…
Postoperative Respiratory Complications Tao Shen Richard M. Pino I. INTRODUCTION Postoperative respiratory complications occur commonly and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. A large Australian review showed respiratory…
Postoperative Airway Complications Tara Kelly Mazen Maktabi Although anesthesiologists are well informed on optimization for safe intubation and intraoperative ventilation, less focus has been placed on postoperative airway complications. It…
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Ryan J. Horvath William Benedetto I. INTRODUCTION Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be a common occurrence in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) setting, affecting…
Postoperative Pain Management Mark Hoeft INTRODUCTION Pain, as defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain, is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential…
