Aortic Valve
Aortic Valve: Introduction Print Section Listen Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the most common valve replacement procedure and the second most common cardiac operation following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)…
Prosthetic Valves
Prosthetic Valves: Introduction Print Section Listen Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made with respect to the evolution of prosthetic heart valves and the manner in which…
Evaluation of Right Heart Function
Structure and Function Print Section Listen As the role of the right ventricle (RV) in overall cardiac function has been more fully appreciated, greater efforts have been made to describe…
Mitral Valve Repair
Mitral Valve Repair: Introduction Print Section Listen The superiority of mitral valve repair over replacement in patients with mitral valve disease is now widely accepted. This is mainly due to…
Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves
Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves: Introduction Print Section Listen A detailed transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examination of the right-sided heart valves can provide accurate diagnosis of valvular diseases; define anatomic, functional, and…
Pericardial Diseases
Pericardial Diseases: Introduction Print Section Listen Pericardial diseases constitute pathologic processes that involve the pericardium, the pericardial sac and its contents, and the thoracic structures surrounding the heart. Cardiovascular perturbations…
Transesophageal Tomographic Views
Guidelines and Clinical Indications for a Comprehensive Transesophageal Examination Print Section Listen Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) training and certification have become standardized with the use of recognized nomenclature and tomographic views….
Anatomic Variants and Ultrasound Artifacts
Anatomic Variants and Ultrasound Artifacts: Introduction Print Section Listen Anatomic variants are variations in normal anatomy that can be misinterpreted as pathological conditions. Many anatomic variants are remnant structures from…
Understanding Ultrasound System Controls
Understanding Ultrasound System Controls: Introduction Print Section Listen It is crucial for clinicians performing transesophageal (TEE) examinations to understand how the controls on an ultrasound machine alter the display. Without…
Quantitative Echocardiography
Principles of Doppler Echocardiography Print Section Listen Christian Doppler, in his 1842 paper titled, “On the Coloured Light of the Binary Stars and Some Other Stars of the Heavens,” was…
