Local Anesthetics and Adjuvant Analgesics
Local anesthetics are synthetic derivatives of cocaine, a plant alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the South American coca plant, and the first local anesthetic to be discovered. Cocaine is…
Pediatric Pain Assessment
The next several chapters are dedicated to teaching trainees about pediatric pain and the various options for pain management in children. In this first of five chapters, we introduce the…
Remote Anesthetizing Locations
More and more pediatric anesthesia cases are scheduled in non operating room (OR) locations. These locations are often far from the main surgical area, and some anesthesiologists feel out of…
Urologic Surgery
Most urologic procedures are simple surgical repairs in healthy children and are performed on an outpatient basis. Some children require complex repairs, and it helps to understand the repair to…
Postoperative Considerations
The pediatric postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is a noisy and chaotic environment. Nurses are attempting to calm crying toddlers, parents are being educated, physicians are being summoned for discharge orders,…
Plastic Surgery
In this chapter we review plastic surgery procedures that pose a wide range of perioperative challenges for the anesthesiologist, including difficult airway management, significant intraoperative blood loss, and comorbidities secondary…
Neurosurgery
Pediatric neurosurgical patients present a unique set of anesthetic challenges that include treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the frequent use of lateral and prone positions, and the anesthetic implications…
Ophthalmologic Surgery
This chapter covers general considerations for ophthalmologic procedures in children, specific anesthetic considerations for the more commonly performed pediatric ophthalmologic procedures, and several unique anesthetic complications that occur in pediatric…
Orthopedic Surgery
Musculoskeletal Trauma General Considerations Whether via monkey bar falls or trampoline accidents, children often find a way into the operating room for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries. Approximately 40% of…
Thoracic Surgery
Anesthetic care for pediatric thoracic surgery covers a wide range of ages, concomitant disease processes, and surgical pathology. The clinical scenario ranges from an elective, outpatient procedure on an otherwise…
