Anesthesia Key

Introduction In 1847, only months after the first demonstration of anesthesia, James Simpson, an obstetrician, administered ether to a woman in labor for childbirth. He was quite impressed with the…

Introduction The combined spinal–epidural (CSE) technique produces reliable and rapid onset of spinal anesthesia combined with the flexibility to extend the height and duration of a block provided by continuous…

Introduction Despite recent advances in anesthesia techniques and monitoring measures, intraoperative and postoperative neurologic events remain the most devastating complications and continue to concern anesthesia providers. Even without any significant…

Introduction The contents of the cranium can be divided into three major constituents. The brain or tissue compartment accounts for approximately 85% of the total intracranial volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)…

Introduction In recent years, neuraxial analgesia for cardiac surgery has become an area of intense interest and debate in the adult cardiothoracic anesthesiology literature. Although spinal and epidural analgesia have…

Introduction The importance of excessive blood loss after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related to its significant association with deleterious perioperative outcomes, including all the risks of blood transfusion….

Introduction Infrainguinal revascularization includes endarterectomy, bypass of the femoral artery or its branches, or both. Patients with peripheral vascular disease often have conditions associated with generalized vascular disease, such as…

Introduction Neurologic injury from surgery results in substantial increased morbidity, mortality, and cost, and, most important, it is devastating to patients and their families. Thus techniques to lessen, reverse, and…

Introduction Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) is a leading cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Although it appears that its incidence and associated mortality rate have…