Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiologic Procedures
Heart surgery in children is performed almost exclusively for congenital heart disease (CHD). The incidence of CHD is approximately 6 per 1000 live births. The lesions listed in Table 14-1…
Otorhinolaryngology
General Principles Although much of it is simple and commonplace, ear, nose, and throat surgery has a disproportionately large potential for anesthetic and surgical complications. It demands meticulous attention to…
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Many children require plastic surgery to correct congenital deformities. The head and neck are commonly affected, which may introduce special problems for the anesthesiologist. In addition, some children undergo plastic…
Dental Surgery
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1. Children do not usually cooperate very well under moderate sedation (so called “conscious sedation”) unless they are very motivated and specially prepared and therefore require general anesthesia…
Ophthalmology
General Principles 1. General anesthesia is almost always required because children do not tolerate sedation and local analgesia for eye surgery. 2. Intraocular surgery and surgery of the nasolacrimal duct…
Neurosurgery and Invasive Neuroradiology
General Principles 1. Perioperative management must be planned to minimize the possibility of increasing the intracranial pressure (ICP) and to ensure optimal operating conditions for the neurosurgeon. 2. Light general…
Postoperative Care and Pain Management
The Postanesthesia Care Unit General Management All children should be transported to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) in the lateral decubitus position with the head extended so as to provide…
Techniques and Procedures
Routine Preparation for Surgery Preoperative Assessment A careful assessment of the child must be made at the time of the preoperative visit. Although many children are healthy, some have diseases…
Medical Conditions Influencing Anesthetic Management
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Infants and children often have or are recovering from a runny nose or other manifestations of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) when they are seen for…
Clinical Pharmacology
Routes of Administration Intravenous. The intravenous route is the most certain route to deliver drugs to the bloodstream under all conditions and is the principal route for all anesthetic drugs…
