Breathing Circuits
Chapter Outline HISTORY OF DEVICE DEVELOPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS OF BREATHING CIRCUITS Chemical Absorption of Carbon Dioxide Dilution with Fresh Gas Use of Valves to Separate Exhaled Gases from Inhaled Gases Use…
Medical Gases: Storage and Supply
Chapter Outline OVERVIEW MEDICAL GAS CYLINDERS AND THEIR USE Oxygen Tanks Nitrous Oxide Tanks CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS CYLINDERS Size Color Coding Cylinder Markings Pressure Relief Valves Connectors GAS CYLINDER SAFETY…
Anatomical Variants and Ultrasound Artifacts
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Anatomical variants are those variations in normal anatomy that could be misinterpreted as pathological conditions. Many anatomical variants occur as remnants of embryological development and fetal…
Understanding Ultrasound System Controls
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen It is crucial for clinicians performing transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) examinations to understand how the controls on an ultrasound machine alter the display. Without this knowledge, it…
Transesophageal Tomographic Views
GUIDELINES AND CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE TRANSESOPHAGEAL EXAMINATION Print Section Listen Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) training and certification have become standardized with the use of recognized nomenclature and tomographic views.1…
Quantitative Echocardiography
PRINCIPLES OF DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY Print Section Listen Doppler color flow imaging has evolved as the method of noninvasively imaging blood flow through the heart by displaying flow data superimposed on…
The TEE Probe
STRUCTURE AND DESIGN Print Section Listen Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) presents a unique opportunity to overcome the limitations posed by chest wall acoustic windows while allowing visualization of cardiac structures with…
Physics of Two-Dimensional and Doppler Imaging
BASICS OF ULTRASOUND1–3 Print Section Listen Nature and Properties of Ultrasound Waves Humans can hear sound waves with frequencies between 20 and 20,000 hertz. Frequencies higher than this range are…
Central nervous system
Questions 1. What is subarachnoid hemorrhage? 2. How is subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed? 3. How are patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage managed? 4. How is elevated intracranial pressure diagnosed and treated? 5….
Renal system
Questions 1. How is acute kidney injury defined? 2. What are the incidence and outcome of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit? 3. Explain the pathophysiology of acute…
