Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves André Y. Denault Etienne J. Couture Ying Tung Sia Georges Desjardins INTRODUCTION Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a common concern in the…
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Coronary Revascularization Donna L. Greenhalgh Henry J. Skinner Justiaan Swanevelder INTRODUCTION Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides an astutely trained clinician with essential information which can significantly influence clinical…
Prosthetic Valves Albert T. Cheung Worasak Keeyapaj INTRODUCTION The first successful artificial heart valves were implanted in 1960. Starr implanted a Starr-Edwards cagedball valve in a patient with rheumatic mitral…
Aortic Stenosis Praveen Mehrotra Ira S. Cohen INTRODUCTION With the exception of coronary artery bypass grafting procedures, aortic valve replacement (AVR) for critical aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common…
Aortic Regurgitation Praveen Mehrotra Ira S. Cohen ASSESSMENT OF AORTIC REGURGITATION (AR) has evolved considerably with advances in echocardiographic technology since Ward et al. (1) first described the use of…
Mitral Valve Stenosis Megan P. Kostibas Mary Beth Brady Colleen G. Koch INTRODUCTION The 19th century physician, Jean-Nicolas Corvisart established the diagnostic value of percussion in the physical diagnosis of…
Mitral Regurgitation Adam M. Dryden A. Stephane Lambert INTRODUCTION Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become a standard of care in the cardiac operating room, allowing the anesthesiologist to play an important…
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Ventricular Diastolic Function Amit Bardia Wanda M. Popescu INTRODUCTION The diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle is recognized as an important, independent component of cardiac performance. Quantification…
Quantitative Doppler and Hemodynamics Tzong Huei Chen Andrew Maslow Albert C. Perrino Jr. When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something…
Doppler Technology and Technique Albert C. Perrino Jr. INTRODUCTION Two-dimensional echocardiography provides remarkable high-resolution, full motion display of cardiac structures. Yet despite the ability to reveal the most intricate anatomic…
