Ultrasound-Guided IV Access
Introduction Ultrasound-guided insertion of an intravenous catheter (US IV) uses ultrasound (US) imaging to search for suitable peripheral veins that will support intravenous (IV) catheter placement, as well as visualize…
Medical Ethics, the Law, and Cultural Competency
Introduction Medical ethics encompass the obligations health care professionals have to ensure patients’ overall well-being and to respect their fundamental human rights. Medical ethics applies to every healthcare provider and…
Behavioral Health and Toxicologic Emergencies
Introduction Nearly one out of every eight emergency department (ED) visits in the United States is related to mental illness or substance use. ED visits for mental health issues have…
The Electrocardiogram and Cardiac Monitoring
The Electrocardiogram The electrocardiogram (ECG; also EKG) is an essential component in the evaluation of a patient presenting with cardiac symptoms. It should be obtained simultaneously with, or immediately following,…
Vascular Access
Introduction Peripheral vascular access is an important emergency department (ED) technician (EDT) responsibility that involves cannulation of a peripheral vein for blood sample collection or medication, fluid, or contrast administration….
Stroke and Neurologic Emergencies
Introduction The term stroke refers to a spectrum of conditions affecting the brain’s vasculature that can lead to sudden brain tissue compromise and ultimately brain tissue death. An acute stroke…
Respiratory System Emergencies
Anatomy of the Respiratory System The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange. Oxygen is absorbed by the body from inspired air, and carbon dioxide is removed from…
Abdominal and Genitourinary Problems
Introduction Symptoms such as abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; or painful, decreased, or increased urination are some of the most common emergency department (ED) patient complaints. These symptoms can be…
Endocrinologic Emergencies
The endocrine system is a complex, coordinated, and highly regulated system that helps the body adapt to its constantly changing metabolic needs. One major endocrine-related disease, diabetes mellitus, is frequently…
Cardiologic Emergencies
Introduction The emergency department (ED) technician (EDT) plays a critical role in the initial assessment, triage, workup, and management of patients with cardiac complaints. This chapter provides a framework for…
