Female Pelvic Pain
Introduction Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is defined as noncyclical pain lasting greater than 6 months and can affect all ages. It is associated with impairment in sexual function…
Neuroanatomy and Mechanisms of Visceral Pain
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system regulates integral body functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, digestion, and pupillary response. The specific targets…
Epidemiology of Chronic Visceral Pain Syndromes
Introduction Chronic visceral pain is estimated to affect over 20% of the global population, and it is one of the most common reasons why patients seek medical attention. More than…
Resuscitation of the Newborn
Resuscitation of the Newborn Seema Awatramani Patrick Dolan OVERVIEW There are approximately 4 million infants born in the United States annually.1 The majority of these babies are born without complications…
Postpartum Infections
Postpartum Infections Samsiya Ona Khady Diouf OVERVIEW Background Pregnancy-related deaths, as reported by the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System, have steadily increased in the United States (US) from 7.2 deaths per…
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Amniotic Fluid Embolism Ashley Deutsch OVERVIEW Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but devastating complication of pregnancy characterized by sudden cardiorespiratory collapse and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Reported incidence…
Uterine Inversion and Uterine Rupture
Uterine Inversion and Uterine Rupture Amanda Sue Shorette OVERVIEW Uterine inversion and uterine rupture are rare but life-threatening obstetric complications. There is a paucity of available data regarding the epidemiology,…
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum Hemorrhage Divya Dethier Julianna Schantz-Dunn OVERVIEW Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality affecting 1% to 5% of all deliveries, although the incidence varies widely. PPH…
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities Sara M. Seifert OVERVIEW Peripartum umbilical cord management can have profound maternal and fetal effects from preventing asphyxia, hemorrhage, and long-term morbidity to promoting neonatal and maternal…
Shoulder Dystocia
Shoulder Dystocia Samreen Vora OVERVIEW Shoulder dystocia is an unpredictable complication of vaginal delivery and is defined as failure to deliver the fetal shoulders with gentle downward traction, thereby requiring…
