TABLE 116.2 Causes of Alveolar Hemorrhage Physical Examination The physical examination may provide clues to the diagnosis of massive hemoptysis. A saddle nose deformity and/or septal perforation suggest Wegener granulomatosis….
Bronchoscopy-associated hypoxemia may be minimized by providing 100% oxygen during the procedure, shortening bronchoscopy time, and frequently withdrawing the bronchoscope from the airway to allow adequate ventilation. Adequate tidal volume…
FIGURE 74.1 Causes of short bowel syndrome (SBS) leading to intestinal transplantation in children (A) and adults (B). There are no clear definitions of intestinal failure that allow patient status…
RESPIRATORY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE MORBIDLY OBESE Morbidly obese patients have significant anatomic and pathophysiologic changes of the pulmonary system. Reduced lung volumes, increased work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency, and…
There has been a correlation of catheter site and risk of infection in the past; however, one study has shown that there is no difference in the risk of CRBSI…
FIGURE 16.1 Nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. Tubuloglomerular feedback: Situations associated with an increased delivery of sodium chloride to the macula densa result in vasoconstrictive response of the…
More recent studies have yielded varying results (150,151), certainly not confirmatory of a pronounced “predestined” decline in oxygenation with age, and questioning the hypothesis that progressive disruption of the matching…
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The systemic manifestations of anaphylaxis represent sequelae that result from the release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils, leading to a cascade of mediators, including tryptase, histamine,…
FIGURE 119.1 The rostrocaudal progression of ischemia contemporarily known as coning. In concert with the previously described prebrain death physiology associated with severe brain injury, the process of brain death…
FIGURE 155.1 National Incident Management System: policy level and operations level. The Planning Section is responsible for the following. Collection, evaluation, dissemination, and use of information about the development of…
