Sedation and Neuromuscular Blockade
The first step in pharmacologic therapy advocated in the most recent ACCM PAD guidelines is pain control, for pain in and of itself—whether from a fracture, incision, or even suctioning…
Evaluating the Acute Abdomen or Difficult Postoperative Abdomen
FIGURE 58.1 Initial management of suspected or confirmed intra-abdominal infections. (Adapted from IDSA–Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection—In Adults. http://www.idsociety.org.) The clinical presentation of an intra-abdominal abscess often requires a high index of…
Central Nervous System Physiology in Critical Illness
FIGURE 13.1 Positron emission tomography image of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Note central area of necrosis surrounded by area of decreased perfusion. (Courtesy of Michael Diringer, Washington University School of Medicine.)…
Renal Transplantation
FIGURE 75.1 Algorithm for the management of low urine output following renal transplant. Postoperative evaluation of electrolytes should include monitoring of serum sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Although…
Facial Trauma
EPIDEMIOLOGY: CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS The etiology of facial trauma is multifactorial ranging from sports injuries, falls, penetrating injuries (projectiles), assaults and violence, to motor vehicle accidents. The incidence…
Esophageal Disorders
FIGURE 130.1 Barium esophagram shows food bolus impaction obstructing the distal esophagus. Medical therapy has also been considered in the acute treatment of esophageal obstructions. The most extensively studied medical…
Neuromuscular Disorders
FIGURE 122.1 Localization of neuromuscular disorders, with the most important exemplars for each of the nine localizations. ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CIDP, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. TABLE 122.1 Salient Features…
Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure
MANAGEMENT The optimal treatment strategy for patients with HF depends on numerous clinical factors, particularly the presence or absence of active decompensation. In the critical care setting, management strategies for…
Elevated Intracranial Pressure
FIGURE 118.1 A: Nonlinear nature of the relationship between the volume of intracranial contents and intracranial pressure. B: Actual intracranial pressure (ICP) and jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjO2) tracings in…
Noninvasive Cardiovascular Monitoring
FIGURE 20.1 Schematic illustration of Simpson’s rule of discs for calculating left ventricular volume. (From Armstrong WF, Ryan T. Evolution of systolic function of the left ventricle. In: Feigenbaum’s Echocardiography….
