Acupuncture
Fig. 10.1 Pain threshold changes in response to acupuncture at LI4 point located at the thenar eminence. Eight representative skin points were identified for the measurement of pain threshold by…
Pain Medicine in Older Adults: How Should It Differ?
Symptom/side effect Associated with opioids Associated with pain Management/monitoring approach Depression X X Consider treating depression as first step and observe effect on pain Anxiety X X Consider treating anxiety…
Pain Medicine and Primary Care: The Evolution of a Population-Based Approach to Chronic Pain as a Public Health Problem
Fig. 20.1 The pain medicine and primary care community rehabilitation model (PMPCCR) Informed community primary care physicians contribute their expertise in longitudinal, comprehensive management combined with their more intimate knowledge…
Hypnosis and Pain Control
Fig. 9.1 Pain processing While there is a common misperception that hypnosis primarily involves relinquishing control and constitutes mindless submission to suggestion, hypnosis is actually a normally occurring state of…
Muscle Pain Treatment
Fig. 3.1 KW test for strength and flexibility of key postural muscles; failure—inability to perform any of the tasks (Courtesy of the Norman Marcus Pain Institute) In the absence of…
Pain as a Perceptual Experience
Physical neuromatrix, including peripheral and central nervous systems plus fascial network: • Emotional • Cognitive • Memory • Mind Physical Laser Beams We live with and through a dynamically fluctuating nervous system, one which…
Neuroplasticity, Sensitization, and Pain
Fig. 2.1 Mechanisms contributing to peripheral sensitization At the cord level, many interactions can lead to sensitization, both in terms of functional and structural changes [21]. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC)…
Failure to Treat Pain
Inadequate clinical and continuing education on the assessment and management of pain Insufficient understanding of the adverse clinical and psychological impact of undertreated pain on patients and their families, and…
The Double Effect: In Theory and in Practice
Fig. 24.1 Descending ladder of physician action in end-of-life care Before addressing the different categories of physician action using medical ethics or personal conscience, it is first advisable to understand…
Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient
© American Academy of Pain Medicine 2015Timothy R. Deer, Michael S. Leong and Albert L. Ray (eds.)Treatment of Chronic Pain by Integrative Approaches10.1007/978-1-4939-1821-8_23 23. Assessing Disability in the Pain Patient Steven D. Feinberg1, 2, 3 and Christopher R. Brigham4, 5 …
