Neuromuscular blocking agents are used to improve conditions for tracheal intubation, to provide immobility during surgery, and to facilitate mechanical ventilation. Anticholinesterases inhibit breakdown of acetylcholine and help restore neuromuscular…
Clinicians must develop a three-dimensional mental picture of the spinal anatomy so that when they contact bony structures during attempted epidural or spinal needle placement, they can redirect the needle…
Nonoperating room (NOR) locations are remote from a hospital’s main operating room sites. A significant number of the procedures performed in NOR locations require anesthesia or sedation. A three-step approach…
The standards for preoperative evaluation, intraoperative monitoring, and the continuous presence of a member of the anesthesia care team are no different from those for general or regional anesthesia. As…
The aging of America presents a medical and economic challenge to the entire health care system as older patients present for surgery in ever-increasing numbers. The aging process affects connective…
TOPICS 1. Atrial septal defects 2. Ventricular septal defects 3. Tetralogy of Fallot 4. Transposition of the great arteries 5. Single ventricle patients 6. Anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in…
TOPICS 1. Hemodynamic calculations and invasive monitors: why are they important and how to determine them? 2. The pumping heart: how does the pump contract and relax? 3. Pharmacology…
TOPICS 1. Overview 2. The clinical signs and symptoms of AV disease 3. Physiologic compensatory mechanisms of AV disease 4. Echocardiography and AV disease 5. Surgical and catheter-mediated AV…
TOPICS 1. The clinical signs and symptoms of MV diseases 2. Physiologic compensatory mechanisms of MV diseases 3. Echocardiography and MV diseases 4. Surgical and catheter-mediated approaches to the…
TOPICS 1. The patient with impaired systolic and diastolic ventricular function 2. The reoperative patient 3. The diabetic patient and perioperative glucose control 4. The vascular disease patient in…
