Spinal cord injuries
C Spinal cord injuries 1. Introduction Spinal cord transection is the description of spinal cord injury that is manifested as paralysis of the lower extremities (paraplegia) or of all extremities (quadriplegia)….
Anterior cervical diskectomy or fusion
A Anterior cervical diskectomy or fusion 1. Introduction Anterior cervical diskectomy or fusion is most commonly performed for symptomatic nerve root or cord compression. Compression may occur from protrusion of an…
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
L Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 1. Introduction A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed to relieve increased CSF pressure. The hydrocephalus may be caused by a congenital defect, cyst, tumor, trauma, infection, or CBF absorption…
Venous air embolism
Most sensitive noninvasive monitorEarliest detector (before air enters pulmonary circulation) NonquantitativeMay be difficult to place in obese patients, patients with chest wall deformity, or patients in the prone or lateral…
Transsphenoidal tumor resections
J Transsphenoidal tumor resections 1. Introduction Approximately 10% of intracranial neoplasms are found in the pituitary gland and are diagnosed because of their mass effects or the hypersecretion of pituitary hormones….
Stereotactic surgery
I Stereotactic surgery 1. Introduction Stereotactic surgery is a neurosurgical technique that makes detailed use of the relationship between the three-dimensional space occupied by intracranial structures or lesions and an extracranial…
Posterior fossa procedures
H Posterior fossa procedures 1. Introduction Neuropathology within the posterior fossa may impair control of the airway, respiratory function, cardiovascular function, autonomic function, and consciousness. The major motor and sensory pathways,…
Surgery for coronary artery disease
BSA, Body surface area; CVP, cardioventricular pacing; DIA BP, diastolic blood pressure; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; HR, heart rate; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; PAP, peak airway pressure;…
Epilepsy surgery
G Epilepsy surgery 1. Introduction Surgery is recommended for patients with epilepsy when seizure control is intractable to conventional medical treatment. The goal of epilepsy surgery is to remove a focal…
Electroconvulsive therapy
IM, Intramuscular; IV, intravenous. Adapted from Ding Z, White PF. Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:1351-1364; White PF. Perioperative Drug Manual. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2005; Wagner KJ,…
