Figure 6.1 Thoracolumbar spine. Spinal cord The spinal cord lies protected within the vertebral canal, encased in three layers of connective tissue structures known as meninges. The layer closest to…
Figure 19.1 Probe position. (a,b) Paramedian sagittal (PS) view probe position – view from behind and above. (c,d) Paramedian sagittal oblique (PSO) view probe position – view from behind and…
Figure 20.1 Transverse sonoanatomy of the sacral (sacrum cornu (SC), sacrococcygeal ligament above sacral hiatus, coccyx) – the “frog eye sign.” Longitudinal scan The sagital sonogram of the sacrum shows…
Figure 17.1 Axial sonoanatomy of the paravertebral space. Figure 17.2 Labeled axial sonoanatomy of the paravertebral space (PVS). IIM, internal intercostal membrane; TP, transverse process. Landmarks For unilateral paravertebral block…
(a) Curve array probe (left), linear array probe 38 mm (middle), and linear array probe 25 mm (right). (b) “Hockey-stick” type probe. Figure 5.2 Specific needle covered with “cornerstone” reflectors…
Figure 13.1 Sonoanatomy popliteal fossa. CPN, common peroneal nerve; TN, tibial nerve: both nerves constitute the sciatic nerve. PA, popliteal artery. The sciatic nerve’s whole length can be visualized sonographically,…
Figure 21.1 Probe placement and puncture site location for supraorbital nerve block. Ultrasound transverse view of disruption of the bone table at the foramina and vessel identification using color Doppler….
Figure 18.1 Transverse ultrasound imaging of the lumbar vertebral level L3–L4 in a 1-month-old infant. Epidural space lies between the ligamentum flavum (LF) and the posterior dura mater (DM). Note…
Figure 16.1 Sonoanatomy for a rectus sheath block. Figure 16.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for a rectus sheath (RS) block. Landmarks The child is placed supine and the outline of the rectus…
Figure 15.1 Sonoanatomy for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Figure 15.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for TAP block. EO, external oblique muscle; IO, internal oblique muscle; TA, transversus abdominis muscle; TAP, transversus…
