Fig. 9.1 Enteral nutrition protocol algorithm Determining Caloric Needs Caloric needs can be calculated using one of many formulas such as the Harris–Benedict equation, or measured with indirect calorimetry. Harris–Benedict…
Fig. 29.1 Initial assessment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding An important diagnostic caveat must be kept in mind in the evaluation of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, specifically that multiple sources of bleeding…
Fig. 2.1 (a) Common causes of the acute abdomen based on quadrant. (b) Common causes of the acute abdomen based on region. Illustrations courtesy of Briana Dahl The majority of…
7. McCormick B. CO public hospital dumps patients. Hospitals 1986;60(23):76 8. US House of Representatives. H.R. Rep No 241, 99th Cong, 1st Sess 5 (1985) 9. The Consolidated Omnibus Budget…
5. Rabkin MT, Gillerman G, Rice NR. Orders not to resuscitate. N Engl J Med. 1976;295(7):364–6.PubMedCrossRef 6. Kouwenhoven WB, Jude JR, Knickerbocker GG. Closed-chest cardiac massage. JAMA. 1960;173:1064–7.PubMedCrossRef 7. Symmers…
Fig. 39.1 Palliative care model. Adapted from United States Department of Health and Human Services Surgeon’s Role in Palliative Care Prior to the start of the hospice movement in the…
Moore [9] • Medical bleeding due to coagulopathy • Inaccessible major venous injury • Need for a time-consuming procedure in an under-resuscitated patient • Need for control of extra-abdominal, life-threatening injury • Inability to close…
Complications of bariatric surgery Short-term (first 30–90 days) Long-term Nausea/vomiting Fistulae •Gastro-gastric, gastro-cutaneous, etc. Dehydration Diarrhea •Maldigestion, malabsorption, bacterial overgrowth Fatigue Dumping Anastomotic stricture Reactive hypoglycemia Leaks/sepsis Failure to maintain…
5. Tait IS, Krige JE, Terblanche J. Endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1999;86(4):437–46.PubMedCrossRef 6. Barkun AN, Bardou M, Kuipers EJ, Sung J, Hunt RH, Martel M,…
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria Two or more of the following criteria must be present: •Body temperature less than 36°C or greater than 38°C •Heart rate greater than 90…
