Orthopedic Critical Care
FIGURE 65.1 This 17-year-old girl sustained a high-energy distal tibial fracture as a result of a motorcycle crash. Open reduction with plate fixation offers the best chance of achieving anatomic…
Acute Abdomen and Trauma during Pregnancy
PRETERM LABOR A preterm birth is defined as a delivery between 20 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation (23) and is the second leading cause to neonatal mortality in…
Cardiogenic Shock
FIGURE 45.1 Neurohumoral and mechanical events that lead to death in patients with cardiogenic shock. ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide. (Used with permission from Francis GS. Neuroendocrine manifestations of congestive heart…
Clean and Aseptic Techniques at the Bedside
FIGURE 32.1 Exit-site infection around an indwelling double-lumen left subclavian central venous catheter that clinically manifested with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling. Source of Pathogens The four potential sources of…
Sedation and Neuromuscular Blockade
The first step in pharmacologic therapy advocated in the most recent ACCM PAD guidelines is pain control, for pain in and of itself—whether from a fracture, incision, or even suctioning…
Evaluating the Acute Abdomen or Difficult Postoperative Abdomen
FIGURE 58.1 Initial management of suspected or confirmed intra-abdominal infections. (Adapted from IDSA–Complicated Intra-abdominal Infection—In Adults. http://www.idsociety.org.) The clinical presentation of an intra-abdominal abscess often requires a high index of…
Central Nervous System Physiology in Critical Illness
FIGURE 13.1 Positron emission tomography image of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Note central area of necrosis surrounded by area of decreased perfusion. (Courtesy of Michael Diringer, Washington University School of Medicine.)…
Renal Transplantation
FIGURE 75.1 Algorithm for the management of low urine output following renal transplant. Postoperative evaluation of electrolytes should include monitoring of serum sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Although…
Facial Trauma
EPIDEMIOLOGY: CAUSES, INCIDENCE, AND RISK FACTORS The etiology of facial trauma is multifactorial ranging from sports injuries, falls, penetrating injuries (projectiles), assaults and violence, to motor vehicle accidents. The incidence…
Esophageal Disorders
FIGURE 130.1 Barium esophagram shows food bolus impaction obstructing the distal esophagus. Medical therapy has also been considered in the acute treatment of esophageal obstructions. The most extensively studied medical…
