Toxicology
Acetaminophen Poisoning Acetaminophen is estimated to be responsible for 51% of all cases of acute liver failure in the United States (6). Acetaminophen ingestions require ICU admission when hepatotoxicity is…
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
FIGURE 126.1 General approach to lower gastrointestinal bleeding. GI, gastrointestinal; CVP, central venous pressure; BP, blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; Pt, patient; CAD, coronary artery disease; Hb, hemoglobin; PT, prothrombin time;…
The Obstetric Patient
The rib cage undergoes structural changes during pregnancy (18). Progressive relaxation of the ligamentous attachments of the ribs causes the subcostal angle of the rib cage to increase early in…
Anesthesia: Physiology and Postanesthesia Problems
Nitrous oxide equilibration with the vessel-rich group occurs within 5 to 15 minutes from the beginning of induction. The muscle group equilibrates within approximately 1 hour, and the vessel-poor group…
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
FIGURE 125.1 Peptic ulcer disease. Endoscopic view of a gastric ulcer with a visible vessel (arrow) before (A) and after (B) endoscopic intervention with gold probe cautery. FIGURE 125.2 Severe…
2 Respiratory Infections
Emergence of CA-MRSA with cases of rapidly progressive necrotizing pneumonia, often in previously healthy adults and children, is a new challenge for proper empiric antibiotic choices (24). The further introduction…
Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndrome: Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
FIGURE 94.1 Initiation, progression, and complication of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Coronary artery spasm, which is a sudden, intense vasoconstriction of an epicardial coronary artery causing vessel occlusion or near…
Hyperbaric Oxygen and Critical Care
where Hb is hemoglobin concentration (g/dL), SaO2 is arterial Hb–O2 saturation, and PaO2 is arterial oxygen tension. The second term of Equation (1) represents the dissolved oxygen proportion, which under…
Coagulation Issues
The endothelium is a specialized organ that plays a central role in the regulation of clot formation (i.e., hemostasis) by presenting a nonthrombogenic surface to flowing blood and by enhancing…
Thyroid Disorders
TABLE 140.2 Commonly Used Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function THYROTOXICOSIS Clinical Presentation In the ICU, patients with thyrotoxicosis may have an atypical presentation, with tachyarrhythmias or central nervous system disturbance…
