Skin Wounds and Musculoskeletal Infection
FIGURE 85.1 Pressure points in supine position. FIGURE 85.2 Pressure points in sitting position. Most (66%) patients with pressure ulcers are older than 70 years old, with a prevalence rate…
Infections of the Head and Neck
FIGURE 87.1 Anatomic depiction of the external, middle, and inner ear. Necrotizing Otitis Externa Malignant or necrotizing otitis externa (MOE) is an aggressive infection that begins as otitis externa but…
Fluid and Electrolytes
where Q is the net fluid flux (mL/min), (Pc − Pt) is hydrostatic pressure difference between capillary (c) and interstitium (i), and (πc − πi) is the oncotic pressure difference…
Pharmacologic Principles
FIGURE 148.1 Schematic representation of the interrelationship of the absorption, distribution, binding, metabolism, and excretion of a drug and its concentration at its locus of action. Possible distribution and binding…
Central Nervous System Vascular Disease
In the general adult population, the causes of disruptions of arterial flow can be separated into three major categories based on cause: large vessel atherothrombotic disease (small vessel (lacunar) infarction,…
Cardiac Mechanical Assist Devices
FIGURE 96.1 Example of standard 7.5-French 40-mL intra-aortic balloon pulsation. It is also important to select the appropriate-sized balloon pump for the patient. Balloon pumps are manufactured in various sizes,…
Nutritional Issues and Practical Aspects of Nutritional Support
FIGURE 150.1 Wretland timeline of critical care and nutrition. AA, amino acids; LCT, long-chain triglyceride; PN, parenteral nutrition; TPN, total parenteral nutrition; MCT, medium-chain triglyceride; GLN-ALA, glutamine–alanine; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty…
Envenomation
Determine the Genus and Species Determine the family and/or genus and species of snake if at all possible. The majority of victims know not only that they were in proximity…
Temperature-Related Injuries
TABLE 68.1B Staging and Management of Accidental Hypothermia TABLE 68.2 Causes of Hypothermia Clinical Syndromes Cardiovascular A sympathetic response increases myocardial oxygen consumption and causes tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction—that is,…
Acute Renal Injury
EPIDEMIOLOGY In a recent systematic review of 312 studies including 49 million patients, the syndrome of AKI (according to KDIGO definition) was found to affect 1 in 5 adults and…
