During the evaluation and observation of the TBI patient, repeated neurologic monitoring includes the vital signs with special attention to extremes in blood pressure. Hypotension may result in secondary injury,…
FIGURE 17.1 Schematic depiction of a villus. The villi are foldings of the intestinal epithelium that greatly increase the surface area in contact with the contents within the lumen. They…
TABLE 82.2 Noninfectious Causes of Fever in the ICU Noninfectious Causes A large number of noninfectious conditions result in tissue injury with inflammation and a febrile reaction. Those noninfectious disorders…
Colloid infusion during the resuscitation of acutely injured patients has been debated for some time. Acute burn injury leads to capillary permeability, which allows loss of intravascular albumin into the…
TABLE 116.2 Causes of Alveolar Hemorrhage Physical Examination The physical examination may provide clues to the diagnosis of massive hemoptysis. A saddle nose deformity and/or septal perforation suggest Wegener granulomatosis….
Bronchoscopy-associated hypoxemia may be minimized by providing 100% oxygen during the procedure, shortening bronchoscopy time, and frequently withdrawing the bronchoscope from the airway to allow adequate ventilation. Adequate tidal volume…
FIGURE 74.1 Causes of short bowel syndrome (SBS) leading to intestinal transplantation in children (A) and adults (B). There are no clear definitions of intestinal failure that allow patient status…
RESPIRATORY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE MORBIDLY OBESE Morbidly obese patients have significant anatomic and pathophysiologic changes of the pulmonary system. Reduced lung volumes, increased work of breathing, respiratory muscle inefficiency, and…
There has been a correlation of catheter site and risk of infection in the past; however, one study has shown that there is no difference in the risk of CRBSI…
FIGURE 16.1 Nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. Tubuloglomerular feedback: Situations associated with an increased delivery of sodium chloride to the macula densa result in vasoconstrictive response of the…
