The Future of Neurostimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Neurostimulation has made significant strides since Shealy first implanted a spinal cord stimulator in 1967. This chapter addresses some of these advances and others that may…
Peripheral Subcutaneous Stimulation for Intractable Pain
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Peripheral subcutaneous stimulation (PSS) provides a minimally invasive form of neurostimulation for intractable pain. This technique, also called peripheral nerve field stimulation , targets the small,…
Occipital Neurostimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Occipital neurostimulation (ONS) provides a minimally invasive, reversible, and effective treatment for a number of intractable headache disorders. The technique is thought to work by inhibiting…
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Percutaneous Technique
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) directly stimulates peripheral nerves for the treatment of various indications of neuropathic pain. Although the stimulating electrode is usually implanted directly in…
Coding and Billing for Neurostimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Most physicians want to spend their time treating patients, not dealing with payment issues, but the reality is that coding and billing are an integral part…
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation: Open Technique
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Although peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of many neuropathic pain indications, it has been underused in the clinic….
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve (PNS) can be used to treat neuropathic pain, ideally that arises from a single nerve and often follows peripheral nerve…
Nerve Root, Sacral, and Pelvic Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) can be used to relieve pain that arises from many sources. Conditions that are classified as pelvic pain affect…
Complications of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS) is generally a safe and effective treatment for neuropathic pain and other conditions. However, it requires implantation of an…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Visceral Abdominal Pain
Chapter Overview Chapter Synopsis: Visceral abdominal pain is among the many pain states that can be improved by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (SCS). This chapter examines how SCS…
