Inborn Errors of Metabolism
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) that are more likely to present in the emergency department (ED) can be classified into a number of categories: Select…
Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complex endocrine condition caused by an absolute or relative lack of insulin. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration, ketosis, and…
Gastroesophageal Reflux
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in more than two-thirds of normal infants in the first year of life. Severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may result in…
Kawasaki Disease
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The principal pathologic feature of Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that affects the microvessels (arterioles, venules, and capillaries) anywhere in the body. Since…
Travel-Related Infections
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The most common cause of fever in the child returned from international travel is the nonspecific viral illness. It is imperative to consider treatable causes…
Pancreatitis
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen The most common etiologies of pancreatitis are trauma, systemic disease, structural anomalies of the pancreatic–biliary system, drugs, infections, and idiopathic causes. The most common symptoms…
Vomiting, Diarrhea, and Gastroenteritis
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Vomiting and diarrhea due to acute infectious gastroenteritis remains one of the most common etiologies of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in impoverished countries. Bilious…
Abdominal Pain
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen If a patient complains of abdominal pain, an examination of the external genitalia should be a part of a routine examination. Ovarian and testicular torsions…
Anaphylaxis
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Epinephrine is the first-line medication for the treatment of anaphylaxis, regardless of the severity. In children, food is the most common trigger for anaphylaxis. Airway…
Tick-Borne Infections
HIGH-YIELD FACTS Print Section Listen Children may be at higher risk for tick-borne infections than adults due to outdoor activities and potentially not noting attached ticks as readily as adults….
