Hemodynamic Monitoring
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Patients are usually transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to their hemodynamic instability. Interpretation of hemodynamic monitoring is crucial to delivery of prompt and…
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Hypoxia occurs when tissues do not receive adequate oxygen to meet their metabolic demands. It is nonspecific and can mean reduced arterial partial pressure of oxygen…
Thromboembolic Disease
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Thromboembolic disease is derived from Virchow’s triad of alterations in blood flow, vascular endothelial injury, and alterations in constituents of the blood. Risk factors include antithrombin…
Hypercarbic Respiratory Failure
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The main function of the lung is gas exchange: the elimination of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the delivery of oxygen (O2) to the tissues. When either…
Congestive Heart Failure
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Heart failure (HF) is the inability of the heart to pump an adequate supply of blood to meet the demands of the body. It is an…
Application of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Guide Propofol Administration for Endoscopy Procedures
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Sedation for endoscopy is a rapidly emerging endeavor in anesthesia. Growth in this area has been steady, and anesthesiologists are increasingly becoming involved in endoscopic sedation….
Anesthetic Considerations During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Cardiothoracic surgery entails unique, often extreme, conditions in comparison to noncardiac surgery. Profound hemodynamic and physiologic perturbations associated with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest…
Anesthesia for Craniotomy
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Providing an anesthetic for neurosurgical procedures that include a craniotomy can involve unique anesthetic goals otherwise not encountered in routine practice. For example, tight hemodynamic control…
General Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Delivery: A Look at Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in the Parturient
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Cesarean delivery is one of the most common surgical procedures. In the United States, more than 1 million cesarean sections are performed each year, accounting for…
