1555 Vesalius is credited with the first description of positive pressure ventilation, but it took 400 years to apply his concept to patient care. The occasion was the polio epidemic…
FIGURE 9.1 The influence of ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) on end-diastolic pressure and peak systolic pressure. At any given end-diastolic volume, the increment from end-diastolic pressure to peak systolic pressure is…
FIGURE 35.1 Illustration of the relationship between osmotic activity and the movement of water between fluid compartments. See text for explanation. Summary The following statements summarize the relationship between osmotic activity…
On the Educational Valueof the Medical Society, inAequanimitas, 1904 The introduction of optical techniques for the continuous and noninvasive measurement of oxyhemoglobin saturation in blood (oximetry) and carbon dioxide in…
(99–55 BC) The fundamental goal of nutritional support is to provide the daily nutrient and energy needs of each patient. This chapter will describe how to evaluate those needs in…
AKIN Criteria Because of the limitations of the RIFLE criteria just mentioned, revised criteria were introduced by the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and these criteria are shown at the…
FIGURE 12.1 Illustration depicting the different tendencies of colloid and crystalloid fluids to expand the plasma volume and the interstitial fluid volume. See text for further explanation. Isotonic Saline One of…
FIGURE 32.1 The energy yield from the oxidative metabolism of glucose and lactate, and the actions of selected factors that promote lactic acidosis. PDH = pyruvate dehydrogenase; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase….
ca 500 B.C The appearance of a new fever is always a matter of concern in a hospitalized patient. This chapter presents a practical approach to the ICU patient with…
FIGURE 13.1 Possible causes of acute heart failure, indicated by the anatomic region involved. RV = right ventricle, LV = left ventricle. Progressive Heart Failure The changes in cardiac performance that…
