Acute Renal Insufficiency (Failure)
Introduction One of the primary roles of the kidneys is to filter waste material from the blood. The inability of the kidneys to do this leads to renal failure. Acute…
Perioperative Considerations for Surgical Emergencies
Risk stratification Procedure examples Vascular (reported cardiac risk often more than 5%) Aortic and other major vascular surgery Peripheral vascular surgery Intermediate (reported cardiac risk generally 1–5%) Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic…
Acute Lung Injury in the Acute Care Surgery Patient
Cytokine Action IL-1β (beta) Increased vascular permeability and apoptosis of epithelial cells IL-8 Increased neutrophil aggregation and activation TNF-α (alpha) Induction of inflammation, cachexia, and increased transcription of cytokines TGF-β…
Multiple Organ Failure
Goals to prevent MOF •Prevent ventilatory failure by early support, not allowing the lungs to fail and produce hypoxemia. •Avoid fluid overload, maintaining a urine output of 25–50 ml/h and…
Surgical Procedures in the Intensive Care Unit
Grade 1 Mild ascites visible by ultrasound only Grade 2 Moderate ascites, evident by symmetrical distention Grade 3 Large ascites, gross ascites with marked distention In patients with MOF, some…
