Burn Injury
Fig. 13.1 Pathophysiology of burn shock 13.5 Classifications of Burn Injuries 13.5.1 Burn Depth Burns are classified by the depth of tissue affected. The depth of injury depends on the…
Thromboembolism
Genetic factors Environmental factors Factor V Leiden Surgery/trauma Prothrombin gene mutation Immobility High factor VIII levels Age Hyperhomocysteinemia Congestive heart failure/ myocardial infarction Antithrombin deficiency Hormone replacement therapy/oral contraception Protein…
Contemporary Intensive Care Treatment for Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma
Fig. 7.1 Polytrauma patient after damage control surgery: Pelvic clamp, external fixator, open abdomen with Vacu-seal Apart from the basic treatment concepts of intensive care medicine (e.g., volume management, lung-protective…
Compartment Syndrome
where LBF is local blood flow, PV is local venous pressure, PA is local arterial pressure, and R is local resistance. Normal myocyte metabolism requires a 5–7 mm Hg oxygen…
Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Trauma Patients
Fig. 6.1 Stress and stress reaction. ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADH antidiuretic hormone Activation of the sympathoadrenergic system with release of catecholamines is an immediate and active response to the stressor;…
Polytrauma: Pathophysiology, Priorities, and Management
Fig. 5.1 Traumatic and interventional antigenic load on the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar epithelium in severe trauma conditions By releasing these substances, a cascade of local and systemic defense mechanisms…
Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections
Gram-positive aerobic bacteria Gram-negative aerobic bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Marine vibrio Group A Streptococcus Escherichia coli Bacteroides sp. Vibrio vulnificus Group B Streptococcus Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. Clostridium sp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Peptostreptococcus…
Treatment Principles of Nonunion
17.12.3.2 Case 2 A 47 year old man fell from his bike and sustained a distal tibia and fibula fracture. The patient was treated with unreamed intramedullary nailing and developed…
Systemic Infections and Sepsis
Fig. 8.1 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome after polytrauma Cytokines are polypeptides and act in a para- or autocrine manner. They are capable of exerting many effects on an array of…
Prehospital Trauma Care
Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guideline: Key recommendations for airway [1] Grade (GoR) Emergency medical services personnel must be regularly trained in emergency anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, and alternative ways of securing…
