Figure 15.1 Sonoanatomy for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. Figure 15.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for TAP block. EO, external oblique muscle; IO, internal oblique muscle; TA, transversus abdominis muscle; TAP, transversus…
Figure 14.1 Sonoanatomy for the ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block (ILIHB). Figure 14.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for the ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block (ILIHB). ASIS, anterior superior iliac spine; EO, external oblique; IH, iliohypogastric nerve; II, ilioinguinal…
Figure 12.1 Sonoanatomy of the saphenous nerve in adductor canal. The canal is bounded anteriorly by the sartorius muscle, antero-laterally by the vastus medialis and postero-medially by the adductor muscles…
Figure 11.1 Sonoanatomy of the inguinal (femoral) region. Figure 11.2 Sonoanatomy of the inguinal (femoral) region. The femoral nerve (FN) appears laterally to the femoral artery (A). Both fasciae (lata…
Figure 7.1 Sonoanatomy for axillary brachial plexus block (AxBPB). Figure 7.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for axillary brachial plexus block (AxBPB). A, axillary artery; MCN, musculocutaneous nerve; MN, median nerve; RN, radial…
Figure 10.1 Sonoanatomy for interscalene block (ISB). Landmarks The patient is positioned supine with the head slightly rotated to the contralateral side on a pillow (Figure 10.2). The cricoid cartilage…
Figure 9.1 Sonoanatomy of the infraclavicular region. Figure 9.2 Labeled sonoanatomy of the infraclavicular region. AA, axillary artery; LC, lateral cord; MC, medial cord; PC, posterior cord. The key anatomic…
Figure 8.1 Sonoanatomy for supraclavicular block. Figure 8.2 Labeled sonoanatomy for supraclavicular block – brachial plexus divisions (BP), subclavian artery (SA). Landmarks The patient should be placed in the supine…
Figure 12.1 Oxygen tubing via nasopharyngeal airway technique. Blood pressure is closely monitored and although lower pressure is desirable to decrease the risk of hematoma formation, caution should be exercised…
Principles of PONV Management A multimodal approach to reduce PONV includes strategies to reduce risk of PONV combined with one or more prophylactic agents. Rescue anti-emetic therapy is indicated in…
