!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR NEUROSURGERY Intracranial Hypertension • Intracranial hypertension is defined as a sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) above 15 mm Hg. Intracranial…
Establishing One-Lung Ventilation • A left-sided DLT can be used for most procedures, with the exception of left main bronchus distortion by intra- or extrabronchial mass, compression of left main…
• Pathophysiology: The embolic occlusions will decrease total blood flow into the pulmonary circulation, worsening V/Q ratios and increasing pulmonary shunt and hypoxemia. Pulmonary infarction can occur if bronchial…
Persistent Bleeding After Cardiopulmonary Bypass • Reversing heparin effects: Protamine should be used to return ACT to baseline (usually 1 mg per 100 U of heparin is needed with additional…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> ANESTHESIA FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Endocarditis Prophylaxis • The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) currently suggest (class…
• CI = HR × SV/BSA (normal values are 2.5 – 4.2 L/min/m2) where MAP is mean arterial pressure, CVP is central venous pressure, CI is cardiac index, HR is…
Pulse Oximetry: Clinical Considerations In addition to SpO2, pulse oximeters provide an indication of tissue perfusion (pulse amplitude) and measure heart rate. Because SpO2 is normally close to 100%, only…
COX Inhibitors: General Concepts Mechanism of Action: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), the key step in prostaglandin synthesis. COX-1 receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, including gut and…
!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT, PREMEDICATION, AND PERIOPERATIVE DOCUMENTATION The preoperative assessment is extremely important and consists of a physical examination and medical history, which includes…
Recommendations from the Society of Ambulatory Anesthesia (SAMBA): 1. Identify patients at risk for PONV. 2. Use management strategies to reduce PONV risk. 3. Use one to two prophylactic…
