Chapter 135 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Michelle Freshman Definition and Epidemiology Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the retrograde movement of gastric contents from the stomach to the esophagus. This occurs in the…
Chapter 200 Parkinson Disease Brenda L. Jordan Definition and Epidemiology Parkinson disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease with an insidious onset of the cardinal features of asymmetric resting…
Chapter 128 Anorectal Complaints Pamela Slaven-Lee Benign anorectal disorders of structure and/or function include defecatory disorders, fecal incontinence, anal fissure, pruritus ani, proctalgia syndromes, and anorectal abscess and fistula.1 However,…
Chapter 79 Traumatic Ocular Disorders Ryan C. Young, James T. Banta Definition Ocular trauma encompasses a number of physical injuries, both mechanical and chemical, sustained by the eye (globe) and…
Chapter 190 Bell Palsy Wanda J. Handel Definition and Epidemiology Defined as an acute, unilateral weakness or paralysis of the facial nerve with an onset of less than 72 hours…
Chapter 188 Neuropsychological Evaluation Laura A. Rabin Mr. B., a 62-year-old man, visits his primary care practitioner with concern about his memory and concentration abilities, disrupted sleep, and low energy…
Chapter 184 Osteoarthritis Joanne Sandberg-Cook Definition and Epidemiology Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint process. It involves degeneration of the articular (hyaline) cartilage layer on the ends of bones…
Chapter 115 Sarcoidosis Joanne Sandberg-Cook Definition and Epidemiology Sarcoidosis is a multisystem, inflammatory, granulomatous disease of unknown origin that commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. It involves the lungs and…
Chapter 78 Pinguecula and Pterygium Eric D. Hansen, James T. Banta Definition and Epidemiology Pinguecula and pterygium are two of the most common ocular surface abnormalities with which patients visit…
