I II III IV V Chamber (s) paced Chamber (s) sensed Response to sensing Rate modulation Multisite pacing O → none A → atrium V → ventricle D → dual (A + V) O → none A → atrium V → ventricle D → dual (A + V) O → none T → triggered…
Fig. 3.1 Sinus arrest 3.4 Atrioventricular Block Atrioventricular block occurs when the conduction of the atrial impulse to the ventricles slows down or is blocked (paroxysmal or permanently), even though…
Fig. 10.1 Amateur football player, 17 years old, suspected cocaine intoxication and “chaotic atrial arrhythmia,” i.e., sinus rhythm and polymorphic supraventricular ectopic beats Cocaine can also induce ECG modifications such…
Fig. 8.1 A possible algorithm/pathway for diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias in patients with channelopathies Table 8.1 Conditions that can cause PVT/VF and potential therapies Clues Test to consider Diagnoses…
Ione Disorders Aetiology Signs EKG changes Treatment K+ Hyperkalaemia mild (5–6 mEq/L) Drugs End-stage renal disease Rhabdomyolysis Metabolic acidosis Pseudohyperkalaemia Hemolysis Tumour lysis syndrome Diet Hypoaldosteronism (Addison disease, hyporeninemia) Type…
Fig. 2.1 Context of transient loss of consciousness. SCD sudden cardiac death, TLOC transient loss of consciousness Table 2.1 Conditions incorrectly diagnosed as syncope Disorders with partial or complete LOC…
Look for: shock signs Chest pain Respiratory distress Do: Monitor the patient, IV line, blood samples Ensure patent airway and ventilation and give oxygen (if needed) Support perfusion pressure (use…
Simple Moderate complexity Great/severe complexity Native disease: Isolated congenital aortic valve disease Isolated congenital mitral valve disease (except parachute valve, cleft leaflet) Small atrial septal defect Isolated small ventricular septal…
Fig. 12.1 A suggested algorithm/pathway for diagnosis and treatment of ES 12.4 Indication for Follow-Up and Referral All patients who experienced an ES episode remain at high risk of recurrences…
Fig. 17.1 A lethal danger spot in right colon dissection: Henle’s gastrocolic trunk (Ignjatovic et al. 2004; Lange et al. 2000). (a) Demonstration of the gastrocolic trunk of Henle (GTH)…
