Anesthesia Key

Fig. 17.1 Hand and needle position for performing a trigger point injection of the abdominal wall Local Anesthetic Multiple combinations of local anesthetics and adjuvants have been described for trigger…

Sympathetic nerve supply Target organs Splanchnic nerves Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreatic head, proximal colon, kidneys, proximal ureters Celiac plexus Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, pancreas, proximal colon, spleen, gall bladder,…

Causes of chronic abdominal pain Study/case series/case report Number of patients studied Outcome Time interval follow-up Complications Mesenteric ischemia Ceballos et al. [26] 1 8 to 0 VAS 1 year…

Fig. 16.1 The flow of cryogen in a cryoprobe. The majority of the cryoprobe is protected by a shield, allowing the tip to extract heat from the surrounding tissue. The…

(1) Pediatric GI, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge ST, Room 575, Boston, MA 02114, USA (2) GI Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, GRJ 719, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA   KeywordsVisceral…

Fig. 2.1 Incidence of Pediatric IBD over 17-year period in southern Finland. The mean annual incidence rate increased from 3.9/100,000 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.5–5.8) in 1987 to 7.0/100,000…

Fig. 5.1 The concept of experimental pain. The pain system can be considered as a “black box” between the experimental stimulation (input) and the response (output). When input and output…

Fig. 20.1 Stimulating 14-G Coudé needle and multipolar electrode This needle has been used in five patients undergoing peripheral neuromodulation implantation and its easy steerability and stimulation at the introducer…

Fig. 12.1 Arrow indicating potential space where local anesthetic is deposited (EO external oblique, IO internal oblique, TA transversus abdominis muscle) Technique Various techniques have been described to use an…