Acute kidney injury
16.1 Acute kidney injury Barry Wilkins Essentials 1 Acute kidney injury (AKI, or acute renal failure) is acute reduction in glomerular filtration rate. 2 A high or rising plasma creatinine…
Orthopaedics and rheumatology
24.1 Orthopaedics and rheumatology Robyn Brady, Navid Adib Essentials 1 Painful dysfunction of limb, posture, or gait may be caused by trauma, infection, or less commonly, inflammatory or neoplastic developments….
Child at risk
18.2 Child at risk Simon Young, Raymond Chin, Gervase Chaney Essentials 1 Non-accidental injury occurs when an adult responsible for the care of the child either harms the child or…
Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal airways and the laryngeal mask airway
23.3 Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal airways and the laryngeal mask airway Michelle Lin, Conor Deasy Background Children have relatively large tongues, which may fall back and cause airway obstruction when there is…
Fractures and dislocations
24.2 Fractures and dislocations Robyn Brady, John Walsh Essentials 1 Fractures are common in childhood, due to high-level motor activity, developing co-ordination, and the mechanical properties of the growing skeleton….
Disorders of fluids, electrolytes and acid–base
10.5 Disorders of fluids, electrolytes and acid–base Barry Wilkins, Wayne Hazell Essentials 1 The most common causes of hypovolaemic shock in paediatric patients are sepsis, dehydration and trauma. 2 Vigorous…
Hypertension
16.3 Hypertension Frank Willis Essentials 1 Hypertension is blood pressure that is consistently above the 95th percentile. 2 Severe hypertension is blood pressure that is consistently above the 99th percentile…
Paediatric psychiatric emergencies
17.1 Paediatric psychiatric emergencies Raymond Chin, Michael Fairley Essentials 1 Children with psychological problems often present with somatic complaints and at times of family crisis. The treating emergency physician should…
Cardiac Arrhythmias
5.9 Cardiac Arrhythmias Gary Williams Essentials 1 Focus initially on airway, breathing and circulation and then recognise and treat arrhythmias compromising cardiac output using the safest possible means. 2 If…
Needle thoracostomy
23.7 Needle thoracostomy Judith Klein Background Normally, the visceral and parietal pleura are closely adherent to one another. However, if either surface is violated, air enters into the potential space…
